^Varirata National Park is PNGs first protected area, declared in 1969 (©Biatus Bito).
Customary landowners, custodians of 97% of land in PNG, recognise many areas of land and sea as “tambu” – areas of special spiritual significance. Customary landownership is therefore integral to PNGs 2.1 million hectares in its 59 protected areas. Protected areas sustain livelihoods, help maintain culture, provide tourism opportunities, store carbon, and protect biodiversity.
PNG Conservation and Environment Protection Authority
2005 Ok Tedi CMCA village survey for the Mineral Policy Institute
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PNG Conservation and Environment Protection Authority, PNG Mineral Resources Authority, PNG National Cultural Comission
Various collections or reports
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PNG Conservation and Environment Protection Authority, PNG Forestry Authority, PNG Department of Agriculture and Livestock
PNG HCV Toolkit
Climate Change and Development Authority in PNG, PNG Conservation and Environment Protection Authority, PNG Forestry Authority, National Agriculture and Quarantine Inspection Authority (NAQIA), PNG Department of Agriculture and Livestock, National Fisheries Authority of Papua New Guinea
Atmosphere and Climate Biodiversity Built Environment Coastal and Marine Culture and Heritage Inland Waters Land
The 2020 State of Environment Report is the first for Papua New Guinea.