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Massive overhunting of wildlife for meat across the humid tropics is now causing local extinctions of
numerous species. Rural people often rely heavily on wild meat, but, in many areas, this important source of
food and income is either already lost or is being rapidly depleted. The problem can only be tackled by looking at
the wider economic and institutional context within which such hunting occurs, from household economics
to global terms of trade. Conservation efforts must be placed within a landscape context; a mosaic of hunted

Escalating anthropogenic impacts on tropical biodiversity have increased the vulnerability of endemic species. Selective harvesting of species is one of the major threats to birds and mammal species in the tropics. Many indigenous cultures, however, have long established cultural associations with certain species. The hunting and trade of species have been mainly for subsistence and socio-cultural ties within their communities.

Hunting is a major driver of biodiversity loss, but a systematic large-scale estimate of hunting-induced defaunation is lacking. We synthesized 176 studies to quantify huntinginduced declines of mammal and bird populations across the tropics. Bird and mammal abundances declined by 58% (25 – 76 %) and by 83% (72 – 90%) in hunted compared to unhunted areas. Bird and mammal populations were depleted within 7 and 40 km from hunters’ access points (roads and settlements). Additionally, hunting pressure was higher in areas with better accessibility to major towns where wild meat could be traded.

THE present paper discusses a form of social classification which may be referred to provisionally as sex affiliation. The essence of it is that male children are classed with their father's group and female children with their mother's. I shall first endeavour to give an account, in its more or less relevant aspects, of the social organization of the people among whom this sex affiliation is practised; after that we may discuss the practice itself in greater detail and consider its implications.

The rock paintings, the subject of this communication, were discovered near Bomana in the neighbourhood of Port Moresby, Central District of Papua (British New Guinea).

Government Anthropologist, Papua. 1 In MAN, 1923, 119, I published some notes on Rock Paintings from New Guinea. In the following, I have described further examples which were discovered during the month of September, 1922. These were found in the Sogeri district inland from Port Moresby and near the village of Nahatana, some twenty miles further inland than the previous finds. Three distinct stations were visited, and almost obliterated signs of paintings were seen in one other place.

The present paper discusses a form of social classification which may be referred to provisionally as sex affiliation. The essence of it is that male children are classed with their father's group and female children with their mother's. I shall first endeavour to give an account, in its more or less relevant. aspects, of the social organization of the people among whom this sex affiliation is practised; after that we may discuss the practice itself in greater detail and consider
its implications.

This paper deals with the rock-paintings and rock-carvings of Papua. The sites hitherto discovered are not very numerous and the paintings and carvings are crude in the extreme, nevertheless, they deserve more attention than they have received; and while we may look for a much greater accumulation of evidence in the future, it should not be amiss at present to attempt a provisional survey.

This report is a Desktop Study, with inputs from preliminary consultations and fact-finding in Port Moresby, namely at the National Museum and Art Gallery, Papua New Guinea and University of Papua New Guinea Library, but also at the National Library, National Archives and Australian National University Libraries in Canberra, Australia. It outlines the utility of aerial imagery from early surveys obtained since 1956 as a tool for archaeological interpretation within the AOI.

This report presents a provisional summary of archaeological excavations conducted in the surrounds of Madilogo (Ma i) as part of a study commissioned by the Department of Environment and Conservation as a Kokoda Initiative activity. Excavation site selection was based on previous predictive modelling and extrapolated evidence collected from previous fieldwork at Kosipe, Kokoda, and Madilogo excavations.

The information presented here is based on archival studies and fieldwork in the project area, as part of a social mapping project commissioned by the Department of Environment and Conservation as a Kokoda Initiative activity.

Authors : Dr John Burton & Dr Linus S Digim'rina

This report was commissioned by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (Australia), and is submitted to the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and the Department of Environment and Conservation (Papua New Guinea) as part of work under the Joint Understanding between the Australian and Papua New Guinea governments of 2008. The report is a desk study, with inputs from preliminary consultations and fact-finding in
Port Moresby.

The purpose of this report is to plot series of programs that will enable the PNG National Museum and Art Gallery to develop the competencies, procedures and approaches and necessary to carry out this function in a sustainable manner so it can preserve the Kokoda and WW2 collections. This report is also aimed at identifying the priorities in the Kokoda Collection.

Author : David Hallam

Subcatchment Mapping of Koiari Rural LLG Ward 18 (Draft Final Report) 2015

Authors : John Burton with the assistance of Elton Kaitokai, Joyce Onguglo and Malcolm Keako

Citation : Burton, John E. with the assistance of Elton Kaitokai, Joyce Onguglo and Malcolm Keako (2015). The Kokoda Initiative – Subcatchment Mapping of Koiari Rural LLG Ward 18. Draft Final Report. Canberra: ANUedge for PNG Department of Environment and Conservation

The proposed Sustainable Highlands Highway Infrastructure Program (SHHIP) is envisaged as a ten- year, multi-partner, multi-tranche financing facility aiming to restore and upgrade the Highlands Highway in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The executing agency is the PNG Department of Works (DoW). The initial climate screening of SHHIP using AWARE determined the Investment Program to be at medium risk to climate and climate change. As a result, ADB procedures require that a climate risk and vulnerability assessment (CRVA) be undertaken during the design stage.

The gross domestic product (GDP) of Papua New Guinea (PNG) grew at an annual average rate of nearly 7% between 2007 and 2010, and is expected to perform even better in 2011. Moreover, the economy remained unaffected even at the peak of the global economic crisis, when most other major Southeast Asian and Pacific economies recorded low or negative GDP growth rates. Sound macroeconomic management in the recent past and planned initiatives such as the PNG LNG Project indicate that the economy will continue to perform well in the medium to long run. Nevertheless,

In July 2009, ADB's Board of Directors approved the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)1 governing the environment and social safeguards of ADB’s operations. The SPS builds upon and enhances the relevance and effectiveness of the three previous ADB safeguard policies2 on the environment, involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples by bringing them together into one consolidated safeguard policy framework. The SPS became effective in January 2010.

The economy of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is dominated by labor-intensive agriculture and capital-intensive extraction of oil and gas, gold, copper, and silver. Mining and petrochemicals now account for over 25% of PNG’s gross domestic product and over 80% of its exports. The country continues to face signifi cant challenges in making economic growth more inclusive and sustainable. Many areas of service delivery—such as health, education, transport, energy, and water—remain weak, particularly in rural areas.

Asia and the Pacific have made unprecedented progress in addressing key health sector challenges as part of development goals, through a sustained commitment by governments, health donors, and partners.

Based on the latest NSO figures, it is now estimated that the non-resource economy contracted in 2015 by 5.9% after inflation. Whether the economy has started to grow again since 2015 is unclear. While imports and tax data show growth in 2017, credit to the private sector contracted in the same year. Formal sector employment has contracted four years in a row since 2013, with a cumulative decline extending through to the end of 2017 of 7.0%.